Abstract Many optimization problems suffer from noise. and the noise combined with the large-scale attributes makes the problem complexity explode. Cooperative coevolution (CC) based on divide and conquer decomposes the problems and solves the sub-problems alternately. which is a popular framework for solving large-scale optimization problems (LSOPs). https://www.ngetikin.com/quick-offer-1-Gallon-Universal-Primer-Pro-Deep-Penetrating-Primer-big-deal/